Laryngomalacia
- Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of noisy breathing (stridor) in infants and children.
- Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly (birth defect) of the voice box (larynx).
- The cause of laryngomalacia and the reason why the tissue is floppy is unknown. The part of the nervous system that gives tone to the airway is most likely underdeveloped.
Infants with laryngomalacia have intermittent noisy breathing when breathing in (inspiratory stridor) becomes worse with agitation, crying, excitement, feeding or position / sleeping in the supine (on the back) position. These symptoms are often present at birth and are usually apparent within the first 10 days of life. However, noisy breathing (stridor) of infantile laryngomalacia may be present in babies up to one year of age.
Signs and Symptoms of Laryngomalacia:
Symptoms will often increase or get worse over the first few months after diagnosis, usually between 4-8 months of age. Most children with laryngomalacia outgrow the noisy breathing (stridor) by 12-18 months of age.
Other symptoms that can be associated with laryngomalacia include:
- Poor weight gain
- Difficulty with feeding
- Regurgitation of food (vomiting or spitting up)
- Choking on food
- Apnea (stops breathing)
- Chest and / or neck retractions (chest and / or neck sinking in with each breath)
- Turning blue (cyanosis)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (spitting up of acid from the stomach)
Mild Laryngomalacia
Infants in this category have non-complicated laryngomalacia with typical noisy breathing when breathing in (inspiratory stridor) without significant airway obstructive events, feeding issues, or other symptoms associated with laryngomalacia. These infants have noisy breathing (stridor) that is annoying to the caregivers but does not cause other health care problems. These patients will usually outgrow the stridor by 12-18 months of age. Even though your child may have mild laryngomalacia, it is still important to watch for signs or symptoms of worsening laryngomalacia.
Moderate Laryngomalacia
Infants in this category have the following symptoms:
- Noisy breathing when breathing in (inspiratory stridor)
- Regurgitation (vomiting or spitting up)
- Airway obstruction (from floppy voice box tissue)
- Feeding difficulties without poor weight gain (failure to thrive)
- Clinical history of airway symptoms severe enough to warrant multiple visits to an emergency department or hospital
- Gastroesophageal reflux (spitting up of acid from the stomach)
These patients also will typically outgrow the stridor by 12-18 months of age but may require treatment for gastroesophageal reflux. Even though your child may have moderate laryngomalacia, it is still important to watch for signs and symptoms of worsening laryngomalacia.
Severe Laryngomalacia
Patients in this category often require surgical intervention for treatment and to lessen the degree of symptoms. Your doctor may recommend surgery if your child has any of the following symptoms:
- Life-threatening apnea
- Significant cyanotic (blue) spells
- Failure to thrive with feeding difficulty
- Significant chest wall and neck retractions with breathing
- Requires oxygen to breathe
- Heart or lung problems as a result of chronic oxygen depravation
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